The Historical Archives
Etiqueta: Background
In August 2019 El Rescate donated its historic archives to California State University Northridge (CSUN) Oviatt Library Special Collections. The resource now available to students and scholars includes primary source material for the Index to Accountability, daily chronologies, reports and analysis (1985-1994), Spanish and English clippings (1981-1994) and more.
The Death Squads in El Salvador
HISTORY
In 1994 El Rescate in El Salvador anonymously published “Los Escuadrones de la muerte en El Salvador,” a compilation of U.S. journalists’ investigations into the civilian-military death squads that operated with impunity from the late 1970s through the post-war period. For the first time this information was available in Spanish. The book also contained new information on the history of these clandestine groups. It has been reprinted several times in El Salvador by UCA Editores and can be seen online through the link below:
Historical Research
Background
Archive
Since 1980, approximately 2 million Salvadorans have become residents of foreign countries, principally the United States. While the 2000 U.S. Census recorded California’s Salvadoran population at about 273,000, the University of Albany’s Mumford Institute, using other survey methods, found it closer to 500,000. Scholars and community leaders say persistent waves of immigration since 2000 may have significantly increased that figure. In modern development terms, these immigrants are referred to as the Diaspora, defined by Peggy Levitt in her 2001 Global Networks article “Transnational Migration: Taking Stock and Future Directions, as “individuals who have been exiled or displaced to nation states by a variety of economic, political, and social forces.”
The displacement of many Salvadorans has been attributed to the armed conflict lasting from 1980 to 1992, but Salvadoran immigration began before the war and continues to this day. The U.S.-based Salvadoran immigrant network represents all levels of Salvadoran and U.S. society, including elected officials ― for example, Ana Sol Gutierrez and Victor Ramirez Maryland Assembly members, and Walter Tejada, Arlington County (Va.) Board Member. Pre-war U.S. residence is common to the most successful Salvadoran immigrants, while many post-war arrivals are still trying to gain a foothold. The core of the Salvadoran Diaspora network, the community organizers and volunteers, however, arrived in the U.S. during the war with a common desire to change conditions for themselves and for those they left behind. Some work here as teachers, lawyers, doctors, civil rights, community and labor organizers and entrepreneurs; most are the blue-collar workers who do the grunt work that allows cities like Los Angeles to run smoothly. Driven by family obligations, interest in cultural preservation, a philanthropic spirit and nostalgia, many, even those struggling to survive, maintain an active connection with home. In economic terms, this translates into more than $3 billion in remittances to El Salvador almost every year, a contribution whose sheer volume drives El Salvador’s economy and development.
Coincidentally with the signing of the Peace Accords in 1992, the Salvadoran Diaspora of Southern California launched a transnational movement that has since spread to Metropolitan Area of Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Las Vegas, Houston, Chicago, Boston, Minneapolis, Gainesville, Memphis, Miami, and Long Island, among other cities. The launching pad was the Salvadoran community’s hometown associations (HTAs) that have been a feature of the Salvadoran Diaspora since 1980 when the first one, Asociación Migueleña Siglo XXI, was founded in November of 1986 by immigrants from San Miguel, a department located in eastern El Salvador’s.
The focus of most HTAs in the 1980s was preserving cultural identity, but eventually the membership began to contribute relief and humanitarian aid to their communities of origin with funds raised through dances, tours, dinners, picnics, beauty pageants, raffles and canvassing corporations. On average each event nets $2,000, meaning the effort required of the determined community volunteers who do the hard work has been relentless.
Yet the momentum of this Salvadoran transnational assistance movement has only grown. In 1994, nine California-based Salvadoran hometown associations founded Communities United for Direct Aid to El Salvador (COMUNIDADES); within three years its membership more than quadrupled to 37 associations. This HTA’s organized group, received support, including technical and financial assistance, from El Rescate. El Rescate’s records reflect the existence of 62 hometown associations in Southern California, 12 in the San Francisco area, four in Las Vegas, nine in Houston and more than 20 associations in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area, of which 12 are members of United Salvadoran Communities (CUS).
In June 2001, Salvadoran hometown associations and El Rescate joined forces with the Central American Foundation for Sustainable Human Development (FUCAD) to seek support from municipal governments in El Salvador for the HTAs’ initiative toward collectively funding economic and social development projects. As a result of their lobbying, the Corporation of Municipalities of the Republic of El Salvador (COMURES), representing the country’s 262 mayors, invited a delegation of HTA leaders from Los Angeles to participate in the XVII National Congress of Municipalities held in October 2001. During that historical event, a resolution was passed that led to the mayors’ unanimous approval of The Program for Permanent Support to Municipalities of Origin, an agreement signed by both COMURES and HTA’s leaders.
Reacting to the HTAs’ success with the mayors, in February 2002 the Salvadoran government, through the Office of the Vice President and the Social Investment for Local Development Fund (FISDL), created a framework for cooperation with citizens abroad. The idea was to facilitate selected social development projects with matching funds. El Rescate and HTA’s responded immediately by inviting (as a petition by the Salvadoran Ambassador in the United States Mr. Rene Leon) Vice President Carlos Quintanilla and Miguel Siman, FISDL’s president, to El Rescate’s Los Angeles office, where the government’s delegation officially presented the program’s vision and objectives to leaders of 18 Salvadoran hometown associations and announced the opportunity to compete for $114,000 in the pilot program.
The California HTAs received $51,000 from the government and raised $24,999 in matching contributions for several local development projects in the communities of origin.
Since that initial bid for government funds in March 2002, three more solicitations for bids have generated $3,704,611 in direct matching funds for investment in development projects involving Salvadoran associations in Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., San Francisco and Houston. Of this amount, the associations have contributed $825,869, the municipal governments $931,587 and the FISDL $1,905,955.00. The Salvadoran government finances its program with funds from an Inter-American Development Bank loan — not from the national treasury into which pour taxes generated by family remittances and services in El Salvador that emigrants use.
Currently, El Rescate, hometown associations, the counterpart organizations in El Salvador, FUCAD and the United Nation’s International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) are working together to promote social and productive projects. The participating Southern California HTAs represent 11 Salvadoran towns: Cacaopera, Suchitoto, San Isidro, Cojutepeque, La Laguna, Nueva Concepcion, Sesori, Chalchuapa, Cara Sucia, Ilobasco and Juayua. The relationship forged with IFAD demonstrates the potential of Salvadoran HTAs to contribute to international and transnational development policies. In May 2002, Salvadoran HTA leaders from Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia and New York, along with representatives of COMUNIDADES and El Rescate, discussed possible cooperation on projects promoted by IFAD. Some 35 associations from Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas and Houston participated in follow-up workshops organized in California by El Rescate and IFAD with the cooperation of hometowns associations from Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas and Houston and FUCAD. The resulting agreements have already been applied in communities in the Salvadoran departments of San Vicente and Morazán.
Past Reports:
• El Rescate and LA Water and Power Community Credit Union Project
• El Rescate and the Rockefeller Foundation Community Remittance Productive Project Grant
• Desarrollo de Base: Revista de la Fundacion Interamericana
• Salvadorian Hometown Associations and IFAD Project
• IDA program Report
EL RESCATE’S RESPONSE TO COVID-19
Throughout these unprecedented times, El Rescate has remained steadfast in its mission to meet the needs of Los Angeles’ Latino immigrant population.
In this way, considering the cruciality of the services we provide, El Rescate only closed its doors for a single day after the Stay At Home order was announced in early March. Since then, El Rescate adjusted to the crisis by modifying its procedures according to the health and safety measures recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) while continuing to provide essential services to the community.
Services rendered 2020
The first of these modifications was changing how we host our weekly “Charlas,” in which our staff would normally give a presentation on the most current changes to immigration law, and provide an opportunity for attendees to receive a short legal consultation. As a direct result of social distancing guidelines, however, we are no longer able to host this event (which regularly draws the attendance of fifteen persons a week) or even take the walk-ins that would normally come by our offices if they were unable to attend the “Charlas.” In light of this reality, El Rescate began to accept ten legal consultation appointments a week. As a result of the pandemic, however, these ten appointments are spread out among three days of our now four-day workweek; a stark contrast to our previous six-day workweek. This reduced schedule also meant that we also had to cancel our citizenship classes on Saturdays which roughly 20+ people attended weekly. This modified schedule, therefore, while meant to reduce the exposure of our employees to the virus, has had significant financial consequences with regards to how many staff we can afford to employ, as well as the income of those who remain.
TRANSNATIONAL WORK
Additionally, however, as El Rescate’s work continues here in Los Angeles, our partner organization in El Salvador, The Salvadoran Migrant Institute (INSAMI), has remained committed to their mission of integrating the voice and perspective of migrants, both within and outside of El Salvador, into the process of migration policy creation. INSAMI, being an initiative of the Salvadoran Diaspora leadership, is formed by anthropologists, economists, sociologists, analysts, jurists, psychologists, scientists, entrepreneurs and community leaders for the purpose of advocating for the needs and interests of the Salvadoran migrant population abroad.
In this way, much like El Rescate, the nature of INSAMI’s work means that the services they provide are essential to the community they serve. These services include: medical consults, psychological care, COVID-related assistance, business management training, political incidence, and project research. With El Rescate’s support, INSAMI has succeeded in establishing a comprehensive care clinic in which Salvadoran migrants may gain access to a variety of resources and opportunities meant to foster this community in particular’s laboral and social participation. Since the beginning of the pandemic, INSAMI has demonstrated great resilience in the face of such unprecedented circumstances, immediately creating new ways to reach the deported population like installing a call center in which clients’ personal information is reported in a virtual format. This innovation was met with great success as INSAMI reports that in six months this center was used by 871 people, 341 of which called directly, and 530 of which used the Whatsapp messaging feature.
Additionally, with the help of El Rescate’s donations, INSAMI has been able to continue the consistent delivery of medicine to beneficiaries, as well as providing psychological support via telephone or video conferences as increased tension over the pandemic’s economic impact continues to fuel the growing number of people in need of such services.
In this way, of the 429 deportees who have benefited from INSAMI’s services since the pandemic began, we must also consider that a majority of these individuals have children at home who are, albeit indirectly, also greatly dependent on INSAMI’s work. It is therefore through El Rescate’s partnership with The Salvadoran Migrant Institute that we are able to support not only the betterment of Salvadoran migrants living in our home community of Los Angeles, but also of the countless individuals residing both within and outside of their home country of El Salvador in need of assistance. We are incredibly proud to contribute to the purposes of such an incredible organization and it is our hope that whether it be via direct or indirect financial assistance, medical donations, public policy guidance, or networking support, that we can continue to fight for a better future for the people of El Salvador, at home and abroad.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, in times of such intense uncertainty, now more than ever it is of the utmost importance that the Latino immigrant community secure their status and participate in the civil and political life of the country they call home.
At El Rescate we do more than provide legal services, we protect some of the most vulnerable people in our society, and we are committed to doing so under any and every circumstance – even a global pandemic. El Rescate has and will continue to dedicate itself to the empowerment of the Latino immigrant community of Los Angeles and to its mission of reaching the hard-to-reach and serving the underserved. We invite you to join us in this effort by contacting us at (213) 387-3284 or going to elrescate.org
The Jesuit Assassinations
ORIGINAL PUBLICATION
In 1990 El Rescate and the Instituto de Estudios Centroamericanos compiled a chronology of events during the immediate months of the investigation following the November 16, 1989 murders of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper and her daughter. The book, published by Sheed and Ward, also contains writings of Ignacio Ellacuría, Martin Baró and Segundo Montes. Copies are available through the link below:
Our Story
Founded in 1981 by members of the Santana Chirino Amaya Refugee Committee (SCARC) and the Southern California Ecumenical Council, El Rescate was the first agency in the United States to respond with free legal and social services to the mass influx of refugees fleeing the war in El Salvador. In 1983 El Rescate expanded to provide free medical and dental services to refugees with the Clínica Msr. Óscar Romero, named in honor of the archbishop slain in El Salvador in 1980. The original funding proposal submitted to the World Council of Churches and be seen here. The Clinica later became independent and continues to serve the immigrant community.
The Human Rights Department of El Rescate was established in 1984 to document violations of human rights in El Salvador and disseminate up-to-date information to the U.S. Congress, the media, the faith community, academics and others in the U.S. and Europe.
The 1990s began with El Rescate’s “Roll Call for Peace,” a public art installation listing the names of thousands of victims of the war, to mark the anniversary of the murder of Archbishop Romero.
In 1991 El Rescate staff and board members traveled to Mexico for the signing of the historic Chapultepec Peace Accords, that resulted in the conclusion of the 12-year Salvadoran civil war on January 16, 1992.
Post-war, El Rescate’s Index to Accountability, a unique database project linking military officers to human rights violations committed during the war, was presented to the United Nations-sponsored Ad-Hoc and Truth Commissions during their investigations and deliberations on cleansing the military and establishing a historic record of war crimes.
Since its inception El Rescate has participated in ground-breaking litigation including the 1982 Orantes-Hernández case challenging the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) arrest and detention policies on behalf of all Salvadorans.
In its ongoing effort to secure permanent legal residency for immigrants, El Rescate registered over 60,000 individuals during the first six months of the 1991 TPS (Temporary Protected Status) campaign to secure political refugee status for Salvadorans. El Rescate fought for the 1997 NACARA (Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act), for the 2001 TPS for Salvadorans, for DED (Deferred Enforced Departure) status and for political asylum. The fight for immigrants’ rights continues today with DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and for the rights of unaccompanied minors. (link to LA Times article) El Rescate participates in coalition efforts to advocate for non-recognized refugees and to combat the anti-immigrant policies of the current administration.
In its four-decade history El Rescate has served over 500,000 people, including immigrants representing 38 nationalities.
El Rescate is a non-profit 501 (C)(3). Our services are made possible through generous support and contributions by the community we serve and with funding by the State of California Department of Social Services.